3. Android 开发¶
3.1. ADB 使用¶
3.1.1. 前言¶
ADB，全称 Android Debug Bridge，是 Android 的命令行调试工具，可以完成多种功能，如跟踪系统日志，上传下载文件，安装应用等。
3.1.2. 准备连接¶
使用 adb时，你需要： ZM65系列开发板用micro usb数据线连接设备和主机; 在开发板上进入选项->开发人员选项，勾上 “USB 调试” 选项(默认已勾选); 基于你的系统安装 adb 驱动和命令。 当设备端状态栏提示 USB debugging connected 时，便可进行调试：
adb devices
adb shell
3.1.3. 网络 ADB¶
先用usb连电脑运行以下命令、
adb tcpip 5555
然后就可以断开usb了。 设置 -> 开发者选项 -> 网络 ADB 调试 查看开发板 IP 地址，PC 端通过网络访问：
adb connect + IP:5555
adb shell
3.1.4. Windows下的 ADB 安装¶
首先下载 USB驱动,提取码：rvyc 。 运行解压后的driverinstall.exe。
然后下载 adb.zip,提取码：nnfx ，解压到 C:adb 以方便调用。
打开命令行窗口，输入:
cd C:\adb
adb shell
如果一切正常，就可以进入 adb shell，在设备上面运行命令。 也可以把C:adb加到系统环境变量里面。
3.1.5. Ubuntu 下的 ADB 安装¶
- 安装ADB工具:
sudo apt-get install android-tools-adb
- 加入设备标识:
mkdir -p ~/.android
vi ~/.android/adb_usb.ini
# 添加以下一行
0x0e8d
- 加入 udev 规则:
sudo vi /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules
# 添加以下一行：
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="0e8d", MODE="0666"
- 重新插拔 USB 线，或运行以下命令，让 udev 规则生效:
sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
sudo udevadm trigger
- 重新启动 ADB 服务器
sudo adb kill-server
adb start-server
3.2. 常用 ADB 命令¶
3.2.1. 连接管理¶
列出所有连接设备及其序列号：
adb devices
如果有多个连接设备，则需要使用序列号来区分：
export ANDROID_SERIAL=<设备序列号>
adb shell ls
多设备下连接指定设备
adb -s 序列号 shell
可以通过网络来连接 ADB：
# 让设备端的 adbd 重启，并在 TCP 端口 5555 处监听
adb tcpip 5555
# 此时可以断开 USB 连接
# 远程连接设备，设备的 IP 地址是 192.166.1.100
adb connect 192.168.1.100:5555
# 断开连接
adb disconnect 192.168.1.100:5555
3.3. 调试¶
3.3.1. 获取系统日志 adb logcat¶
- 用法
adb logcat [选项] [应用标签]
- 示例
# 查看全部日志
adb logcat
# 仅查看部分日志
adb logcat -s WifiStateMachine StateMachine
3.3.2. 运行命令 adb shell¶
- 获取详细运行信息 adb bugreport
adb bugreport 用于错误报告，里面包含大量有用的信息。
- 示例
adb bugreport
# 保存到本地，方便用编辑器查看
adb bugreport >bugreport.txt
3.3.3. root 权限¶
如果 TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT 使用的是 userdebug 模式，要获得 root 权限，需要先运行：
adb root
让 ADB 的设备端切换到 root 权限模式，这样 adb remount 等需要 root 权限的命令才会成功。 ZM65系列开发板已经默认开启adb root
3.4. 应用管理¶
3.4.1. 安装应用 adb install¶
用法：
adb install [选项] 应用包.apk
选项包括：
-l forward-lock
-r 重新安装应用，保留原先数据
-s 安装到 SD 卡上，而不是内部存储
示例：
# 安装 facebook.apk
adb install facebook.apk
# 升级 twitter.apk
adb install -r twitter.apk
如果安装成功，工具会返回成功提示 Success；失败的话，一般是以下几种情况:
- INSTALL_FAILED_ALREADY_EXISTS: 此时需要用 -r 参数来重新安装。
- INSTALL_FAILED_SIGNATURE_ERROR: 应用的签名不一致，可能是发布版和调试版签名不同所致。如果确认 APK 文件签名正常，可以用 adb uninstall 命令先卸载旧的应用，然后再安装。
- INSTALL_FAILED_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE: 存储空间不足，需要检查设备存储情况。
3.4.2. 卸载应用 adb uninstall¶
用法:
adb uninstall 应用包名称
示例：
adb uninstall com.android.chrome
应用包名称可以用以下命令列出：
adb shell pm list packages -f
运行结果是：
package:/system/app/Bluetooth.apk=com.android.bluetooth
前面是 apk 文件，后面则是对应的包名称。
3.4.3. 命令行帮助信息 adb help¶
Android Debug Bridge version 1.0.32
-a - directs adb to listen on all interfaces for a connection
-d - directs command to the only connected USB device
returns an error if more than one USB device is present.
-e - directs command to the only running emulator.
returns an error if more than one emulator is running.
-s <specific device> - directs command to the device or emulator with the given
serial number or qualifier. Overrides ANDROID_SERIAL
environment variable.
-p <product name or path> - simple product name like 'sooner', or
a relative/absolute path to a product
out directory like 'out/target/product/sooner'.
If -p is not specified, the ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT
environment variable is used, which must
be an absolute path.
-H - Name of adb server host (default: localhost)
-P - Port of adb server (default: 5037)
devices [-l] - list all connected devices
('-l' will also list device qualifiers)
connect <host>[:<port>] - connect to a device via TCP/IP
Port 5555 is used by default if no port number is specified.
disconnect [<host>[:<port>]] - disconnect from a TCP/IP device.
Port 5555 is used by default if no port number is specified.
Using this command with no additional arguments
will disconnect from all connected TCP/IP devices.
device commands:
adb push [-p] <local> <remote>
- copy file/dir to device
('-p' to display the transfer progress)
adb pull [-p] [-a] <remote> [<local>]
- copy file/dir from device
('-p' to display the transfer progress)
('-a' means copy timestamp and mode)
adb sync [ <directory> ] - copy host->device only if changed
(-l means list but don't copy)
(see 'adb help all')
adb shell - run remote shell interactively
adb shell <command> - run remote shell command
adb emu <command> - run emulator console command
adb logcat [ <filter-spec> ] - View device log
adb forward --list - list all forward socket connections.
the format is a list of lines with the following format:
<serial> " " <local> " " <remote> "\n"
adb forward <local> <remote> - forward socket connections
forward specs are one of:
tcp:<port>
localabstract:<unix domain socket name>
localreserved:<unix domain socket name>
localfilesystem:<unix domain socket name>
dev:<character device name>
jdwp:<process pid> (remote only)
adb forward --no-rebind <local> <remote>
- same as 'adb forward <local> <remote>' but fails
if <local> is already forwarded
adb forward --remove <local> - remove a specific forward socket connection
adb forward --remove-all - remove all forward socket connections
adb reverse --list - list all reverse socket connections from device
adb reverse <remote> <local> - reverse socket connections
reverse specs are one of:
tcp:<port>
localabstract:<unix domain socket name>
localreserved:<unix domain socket name>
localfilesystem:<unix domain socket name>
adb reverse --norebind <remote> <local>
- same as 'adb reverse <remote> <local>' but fails
if <remote> is already reversed.
adb reverse --remove <remote>
- remove a specific reversed socket connection
adb reverse --remove-all - remove all reversed socket connections from device
adb jdwp - list PIDs of processes hosting a JDWP transport
adb install [-lrtsd] <file>
adb install-multiple [-lrtsdp] <file...>
- push this package file to the device and install it
(-l: forward lock application)
(-r: replace existing application)
(-t: allow test packages)
(-s: install application on sdcard)
(-d: allow version code downgrade)
(-p: partial application install)
adb uninstall [-k] <package> - remove this app package from the device
('-k' means keep the data and cache directories)
adb bugreport - return all information from the device
that should be included in a bug report.
adb backup [-f <file>] [-apk|-noapk] [-obb|-noobb] [-shared|-noshared] [-all] [-system|-nosystem]
[<packages...>]
- write an archive of the device's data to <file>.
If no -f option is supplied then the data is written
to "backup.ab" in the current directory.
(-apk|-noapk enable/disable backup of the .apks themselves
in the archive; the default is noapk.)
(-obb|-noobb enable/disable backup of any installed apk expansion
(aka .obb) files associated with each application; the default
is noobb.)
(-shared|-noshared enable/disable backup of the device's
shared storage / SD card contents; the default is noshared.)
(-all means to back up all installed applications)
(-system|-nosystem toggles whether -all automatically includes
system applications; the default is to include system apps)
(<packages...> is the list of applications to be backed up. If
the -all or -shared flags are passed, then the package
list is optional. Applications explicitly given on the
command line will be included even if -nosystem would
ordinarily cause them to be omitted.)
adb restore <file> - restore device contents from the <file> backup archive
adb help - show this help message
adb version - show version num
scripting:
adb wait-for-device - block until device is online
adb start-server - ensure that there is a server running
adb kill-server - kill the server if it is running
adb get-state - prints: offline | bootloader | device
adb get-serialno - prints: <serial-number>
adb get-devpath - prints: <device-path>
adb status-window - continuously print device status for a specified device
adb remount - remounts the /system and /vendor (if present) partitions on the dev
ice read-write
adb reboot [bootloader|recovery] - reboots the device, optionally into the bootloader or recovery
program
adb reboot-bootloader - reboots the device into the bootloader
adb root - restarts the adbd daemon with root permissions
adb usb - restarts the adbd daemon listening on USB
adb tcpip <port> - restarts the adbd daemon listening on TCP on the specified port
networking:
adb ppp <tty> [parameters] - Run PPP over USB.
Note: you should not automatically start a PPP connection.
<tty> refers to the tty for PPP stream. Eg. dev:/dev/omap_csmi_tty1
[parameters] - Eg. defaultroute debug dump local notty usepeerdns
adb sync notes: adb sync [ <directory> ]
<localdir> can be interpreted in several ways:
- If <directory> is not specified, /system, /vendor (if present), and /data partitions will be upd
ated.
- If it is "system", "vendor" or "data", only the corresponding partition
is updated.
environmental variables:
ADB_TRACE - Print debug information. A comma separated list of the following va
lues
1 or all, adb, sockets, packets, rwx, usb, sync, sysdeps, transport
, jdwp
ANDROID_SERIAL - The serial number to connect to. -s takes priority over this if giv
en.
ANDROID_LOG_TAGS - When used with the logcat option, only these debug tags are printed
.